食用菌学报

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谢宝贵,卢启泉,饶永斌,孙淑静,郑金贵,

2007, 14(02): 5-12. https://doi.org/10.16488/j.cnki.1005-9873.2007.02.001

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用PCR法合成人胰岛素基因,克隆到pUC18载体上,经测序证实其碱基序列与人胰岛素基因的序列完全一致。本实验还构建了银耳表达载体,由限制性内切酶介导(Restriction enzy me-mediated DNA Integration,REMI)转化银耳芽孢。随机挑取21个抗性菌落,转管繁殖2代后检测其GUS活性,实验结果:18个菌株阳性,3个菌株阴性。从这21个菌株中选取10个菌株,提取染色体DNA,用人胰岛素基因、GUS基因和Tnos序列的特异引物进行PCR,结果表明,这10菌株都能扩增出相应长度的特异片段,证明了它们是人胰岛素基因转化子。

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Synthesis of Human Insulin Gene and Transformation into Tremella fuciformis

2007, 14(02): 13-18. https://doi.org/10.16488/j.cnki.1005-9873.2007.02.002

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A human insulin gene was synthesized using PCR-based methodology, cloned into plasmid pUC18, and the sequence of the inserted fragment was confirmed. A Tremella fuciformis expression vector was constructed and used to transform T. fuciformis yeast-like conidia employing Restriction Enzyme-Mediated DNA Integration (REMI). A total of 21 antibiotic resistant colonies were selected at random of which 18 tested positive for β-glucuronidase (GUS) activity. Genomic DNA was extracted from 10 of the 21 positive transformants and PCR performed using genomic DNA as the template and specific primers for amplifying the human insulin gene, the GUS gene and the Tnos sequence. PCR data showed that the expected fragment was amplified from all 10 isolates demonstrating that they were true human insulin gene transformants.

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云南羊肚菌rDNA的ITS序列与亲缘关系分析

沈洪,陈明杰,赵永昌,潘迎捷,

2007, 14(02): 19-22+9. https://doi.org/10.16488/j.cnki.1005-9873.2007.02.003

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采用ITS(Internal Transcribed Spacers)序列比对技术分析了根据形态挑选的14个羊肚菌子实体(其中11个来自云南,3个来自浙江)。结果表明,云南的11个羊肚菌子实体(M1~M11)可分为4个种:高羊肚菌(Morchella elata),尖顶羊肚菌(Morchella conica),粗柄羊肚菌(Morchella crassipes)和大孔(宽肋)羊肚菌(Morchella costata)。浙江的3个羊肚菌子实体(M12~M14)经鉴定为未知羊肚菌种。14个羊肚菌子实体样品和GenBank中黑脉(小顶)羊肚菌[Morchella angusticeps(AJ698476)]、美味羊肚菌[Morchella esculenta(AJ698475)]以及羊肚菌科常见属钟菌属Verpa conica(AJ544206)的ITS序列聚类,以钟菌(AJ544206)作为外类群,可分为三大聚类群:高羊肚菌、大孔(宽肋)羊肚菌和黑脉(小顶)羊肚菌为第1类群(Group1);美味羊肚菌和尖顶羊肚菌为第2类群(Group2);粗柄羊肚菌和浙江的3个羊肚菌为第3类群(Group3)。

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Classification of Morchella species from Yunnan and Zhejiang Provinces Based on rDNA ITS Sequences

2007, 14(02): 23-26+9. https://doi.org/10.16488/j.cnki.1005-9873.2007.02.004

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Fourteen Morchella samples (eleven from Yunnan and three from Zhejiang Provinces) were selected on the basis of differences in fruit body morphology. Ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacers (ITS) were amplified in each case using the universal primer pair, ITS-1 and ITS-4, and the amplification products were purified and sequenced. Comparisons with sequence data in GenBank revealed that the 11 Morchella isolates collected from Yunnan belonged to four species: Morchella elata, Morchella conica, Morchella crassipes and Morchella costata. The three isolates collected from Zhejiang Province (M12, M13 and M14) were designated as unknown Morchella species. When Verpa conica (AJ544206) (from the genus Verpa belonging to the same family as Morchella) was taken as the outgroup, the 14 isolates formed three groups, M. elata, M. costata (Group 1); Morchella esculenta, M. conica (Group 2); and M. crassipes, M12, M13 and M14 (Group 3).

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四个红菇科菌株的rDNA ITS序列分析和系统发育研究

付立忠,李海波,魏海龙,吴庆其,吴大丰,吴学谦,

2007, 14(02): 27-32. https://doi.org/10.16488/j.cnki.1005-9873.2007.02.005

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以采自浙江省丽水山区的4个红菇科菌株作为研究材料,进行rDNAITS(Internal Transcribed Spacer)区段克隆测序和序列特征比较分析,并对ITS序列进行核酸序列数据库GenBank同源性检索比对,将从GenBank检索获得的15个最相似物种的ITS序列连同4个红菇科菌株的ITS序列一起用于系统发育分析。序列比较结果表明,4个红菇科菌株的rDNAITS序列长度为673bp~766bp,GC含量为47.4%~49.48%,其中2个红菇属(Russula)菌株R32和R57间的ITS序列长度和GC含量差异极小,而与血红乳菇(Lactarius sanguifluus)菌株L37间的ITS序列长度和GC含量差异较大。系统发育分析表明,R57为花盖红菇(R.cyanoxantha)的一个菌株,红菇属的赭盖红菇(R.mustelina)、绿菇(R.virescens)和青灰红菇(R.parazurea)三者间的序列差异较小,亲缘关系较近;乳菇属(Lactarius)的血红乳菇同鲑色乳菇(L.salmonicolor)种间的序列差异较小,亲缘关系较近。

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rDNA ITS Sequence Analysis and Molecular Phylogeny of Four Fungal Strains Assigned to the Family Russulaceae

2007, 14(02): 33-36. https://doi.org/10.16488/j.cnki.1005-9873.2007.02.006

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Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of four edible and medicinal fungi belonging to the Russulaceae, collected from the Lishui mountainous area of Zhejiang Province, were cloned and sequenced. Comparisons with sequence data in GenBank were undertaken using BLAST, and the four ITS sequences, together with 15 reference sequences obtained from GenBank, were used to construct a phylogenetic tree. rDNA ITS sequences of the four strains ranged from 673 to 766 bp in length and between 47.4% and 49.48% in GC content. Phylogenetic data indicated strain R57 to be Russula cyanoxantha. Differences in the size and GC content of ITS sequences from strains R32 and R57 (R. cyanoxantha) and strain L37 (Lactarius sanguifluus) were significant, whereas the corresponding differences between strains R32 and R57 were relatively small. A close kinship, with only small detectable differences in their respective ITS sequences, existed between R. mustelina, R. virescens and R. parazurea. A similar situation applied to strains of L. sanguifluus and L. salmonicolor.

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金针菇单核出菇与子实体颜色

蚁瑞荣,曹晖,潘迎捷,

2007, 14(02): 37-40+9. https://doi.org/10.16488/j.cnki.1005-9873.2007.02.007

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利用原生质体单核化技术从8个金针菇栽培菌株中获得13种不同的黄色单核体菌株和3种白色单核体菌株;单核体出菇实验结果表明,5种黄色单核体和2种白色单核体可以形成单核子实体,其中,黄色单核子实体间在菌柄、菌盖颜色方面差异较大,而且部分单核子实体本身的菌盖和菌柄的颜色也具有明显的差异,说明控制子实体黄颜色的因子存在复等位因子。

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Monokaryons Fruiting and Fruit body color of Flammulina velutipes

2007, 14(02): 41-44+9. https://doi.org/10.16488/j.cnki.1005-9873.2007.02.008

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Thirteen kinds of yellow and three kinds of white monokaryons were isolated from mycelium of eight Flammulina velutipes strains using the monokaryon protoplast technique. Of these, five yellow and two white monokaryons produced monokaryotic fruit bodies. Clear differences were observed in the color of the different yellow monokaryotic fruit bodies, as well as between the pilei and stipes of individual yellow monokaryotic fruit bodies, suggesting that the yellow color is under the control of multiple alleles.

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茶薪菇培养物中粗三萜含量测定及抗氧化抗肿瘤活性研究

袁广峰,徐瑞雅,张树斌,王立安,

2007, 14(02): 45-47. https://doi.org/10.16488/j.cnki.1005-9873.2007.02.009

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采用石油醚、乙酸乙酯和乙醇分别对液体培养的茶薪菇菌丝体和培养液进行抽提或萃取。分析表明,石油醚、乙酸乙酯和乙醇提取物中均含有三萜类物质,并具有较高的抗氧化活性和抑制人胃癌细胞株BGC-823增殖的作用。

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Extraction of Triterpenoids with Antioxidant and Anti-tumor Activity from Agrocybe aegerita Mycelium and Spent Culture Medium

2007, 14(02): 48-51. https://doi.org/10.16488/j.cnki.1005-9873.2007.02.010

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Different organic solvents (petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and ethanol) were used to extract A. aegerita mycelium and spent culture medium following growth of the fungus in submerged culture. All the extracts exhibited antioxidant and anti-tumor activity that may be linked to triterpenoids present in the extracts.

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第五届世界菌根食用菌大会会议消息

2007, 14(02): 52-52. https://doi.org/10.16488/j.cnki.1005-9873.2007.02.011

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多脂鳞伞菌丝体多糖抗肿瘤活性研究

赵永勋,李克颖,张跃华,

2007, 14(02): 53-55. https://doi.org/10.16488/j.cnki.1005-9873.2007.02.011

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多脂鳞伞[Pholiota adiposa(Fr.)Quel.]菌丝体多糖溶液给S-180荷瘤小鼠连续灌胃10d后,测定对荷瘤小鼠抑瘤率、碳粒廓清指数、小鼠外周血肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)和白介素-2(IL-2)含量的影响。结果发现,多脂鳞伞菌丝体多糖对荷瘤小鼠肿瘤的抑瘤率为39.54%,并可提高小鼠碳粒廓清指数,血清中IL-2和TNF-α的含量也明显提高。结果提示,多脂鳞伞菌丝体多糖抑制荷瘤小鼠的肿瘤生长可能与增强宿主的免疫功能相关。

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Anti-Tumor Function of Polysaccharides from Pholiota adiposa Mycelium

2007, 14(02): 56-58. https://doi.org/10.16488/j.cnki.1005-9873.2007.02.012

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Treatment of S-180 tumor-bearing mice with polysaccharide extracted from Pholiota adiposa mycelium resulted in lower tumor weights, increased carbon particle clearance and phagocytic indices, and significantly higher serum levels of TNF-α and IL-2, compared with untreated controls. Our data suggest that the anti-tumor activity of P. adiposa polysaccharide is related to immuno-enhancing activity.

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响应面法优化巴西虫草发酵培养基的研究

蔡友华,范文霞,刘学铭,陈卫东,徐玉娟,陈智毅,

2007, 14(02): 59-63. https://doi.org/10.16488/j.cnki.1005-9873.2007.02.013

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利用响应面法优化巴西虫草(Cordyceps brasiliensis)液态发酵培养基。在预备实验的基础上,采用Plankett-Burman设计对影响巴西虫草菌丝体产量的液态发酵培养基组分进行了筛选,确定主要影响因子为葡萄糖和牛肉膏。再用最陡爬坡实验逼近以上2个因素的最大响应区域。最后通过中心组合设计和响应面分析法,确定了主要影响因子的浓度。优化后的培养基组成为:葡萄糖4.46g/100mL,可溶性淀粉2g/100mL,蚕蛹粉4g/100mL,牛肉膏2.93g/100mL,KH2PO40.1g/100mL和MgSO4·7H2O0.15g/100mL。

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Optimization of Fermentation Medium for Cordyceps brasiliensis Using Response Surface Methodology

2007, 14(02): 64-67. https://doi.org/10.16488/j.cnki.1005-9873.2007.02.014

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The composition of fermentation medium for producing Cordyceps brasiliensis mycelium was optimized using response surface methodology. A Plackett-Burman design was applied to screen potential key factors selected on the basis of preliminary experiments, and the steepest ascent method was adopted to approach the approximate optimal medium composition. Finally, central composite design and response surface methodology were applied to define more precisely the optimal composition of the fermentation medium. Our data revealed glucose and beef extract to be the most influential parameters, and the composition of the optimal fermentation medium (100 mL) was determined to consist of 4.46 g glucose, 2 g soluble starch, 4 g silkworm powder, 2.93 g beef extract, 0.10 g KH2PO4 and 0.15 g MgSO4·7H2O.

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The 5~(th) International Workshop of Edible Mycorrhizal Mushrooms

2007, 14(02): 68-68. https://doi.org/10.16488/j.cnki.1005-9873.2007.02.016

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<正>Organized by People’s Government of Chuxiong Yi Nationality Autonomous prefecture of Yunnan Province,China Chamber of Commerce of Import and Export of Foodstuffs Native Produce and Animal By-Products,Mycological Society of China,Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China,the Fifth International Workshop on Edible Ectomycorrhizal Mushrooms (IWEMM5) will be held in Chuxiong, Yunnan, China from 26 to 29th August 2007. All aspects of the science of edible ectomycorrhizal mushrooms will be covered in the workshop. Considerable time will also be devoted to the trade and cultivation of EEMM which we anticipate will be of benefit to the economic development of the region.

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蛹虫草虫草素高产原生质体融合子鉴定与筛选

周洪英,边银丙,

2007, 14(02): 69-74. https://doi.org/10.16488/j.cnki.1005-9873.2007.02.015

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以蛹虫草(Cordyceps militaris)4号和8号菌株作为亲本,采用灭活原生质体融合技术获得228个再生菌株。酯酶同工酶与ISSR-PCR方法相结合鉴定融合子,以虫草素含量和子实体性状为筛选指标,经过初步的遗传稳定性测试,得到虫草素含量显著提高的5个稳定融合子——CM59、CM61、CM69、CM136和CM186 ,其虫草素含量分别为8号菌株的1 .17 ~1 .73倍。实验证明融合子菌丝中虫草素含量普遍提高。筛选得到的5个融合子经进一步遗传稳定性验证后可用于以获得虫草素为目的的菌丝体发酵培养。

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野生桑黄菌种分离与培养特性研究初报

雷萍,孙悦迎,张文隽,张慧,

2007, 14(02): 75-79. https://doi.org/10.16488/j.cnki.1005-9873.2007.02.016

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以新鲜野生桑黄子实体为材料,采用组织分离法获得纯菌株。该菌株的培养特性研究结果表明,桑黄菌丝生长的最适温度为28℃,最适pH为6.5,最适碳源是葡萄糖,最适氮源是蛋白胨,最适栽培培养基是鲜桑树枝木段培养基。

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南京农业大学2007年在职硕士专业学位招生

2007, 14(02): 80-80. https://doi.org/10.16488/j.cnki.1005-9873.2007.02.019

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姬松茸液体菌种制备初探

周全,唐兴国,姚志伟,高军伟,

2007, 14(02): 81-84. https://doi.org/10.16488/j.cnki.1005-9873.2007.02.017

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通过正交试验筛选出适宜培养姬松茸液体菌种的合成培养基(N6Ⅰ20.0%,N6Ⅱ30.0%,蔗糖5.0%,酵母粉0.3%),以此制备的一级摇瓶种和二级摇瓶种,其菌丝体生物量分别为1.48±0.06g/100mL和2.64±0.05g/100mL。栽培试验表明,液体菌种的发菌时间比固体菌种缩短13d。

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金顶侧耳子实体营养成分分析

谢福泉,羿红,兰家细,林远崇,林杰,

2007, 14(02): 85-89. https://doi.org/10.16488/j.cnki.1005-9873.2007.02.018

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测定了4个来自不同地区的金顶侧耳菌株子实体中粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维、水分和氨基酸含量。结果表明,供试菌株鲜菇含水量为87.5%~89.7%;干菇中粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维和氨基酸含量分别为42.3%~47.9%、0.8%~1.9%、10.7%~14.9%和23.68%~25.42%;7种测试人体必需氨基酸(色氨酸未测)含量丰富,其中精氨酸和谷氨酸的含量接近或超过α-酪蛋白和卵蛋白。

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棕色蘑菇主要特性及营养成分分析

宋金俤,华秀红,林金盛,刘超,

2007, 14(02): 90-94. https://doi.org/10.16488/j.cnki.1005-9873.2007.02.019

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研究和分析了棕色蘑菇(Agaricus brunnescens)ACCC50031的出菇温度、抗病性、子实体农药残留及营养成分。结果表明,供试棕色蘑菇正常出菇温度为2~26℃,对照双孢蘑菇(Agaricus bisporus)2796为12~26℃;接种疣孢霉病菌21d后,双孢蘑菇2796的发病率达36%,而棕色蘑菇无病菇出现。10种农药施用后的检测结果表明,棕色蘑菇的子实体中无农药残留或农药残留量低于国家规定指标。营养成分分析表明,新鲜棕色蘑菇的粗蛋白、总氨基酸和必需氨基酸含量分别为6.14%、3.28%和1.26%,均高于双孢蘑菇2796。

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