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  • Cloning and Heterologous Expression of Flammulina filiformis Fatty Acid Synthase Subunit Beta Gene and Its Interaction With Blue Light Receptor
    XU Jiani, LIU Jianyu, YU Hailong, WANG Ruijuan, LU Huan, XU Zhen, SHANG Xiaodong, ZHANG Zhonglin
    2025, 32(04): 1-8. https://doi.org/10.16488/j.cnki.1005-9873.2025.04.001
    Abstract ( ) PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    Using the rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) technique, the CDS of Flammulina filiformis fatty acid synthase subunit beta (Fffas) was cloned and analyzed for gene structure, protein physicochemical properties, amino acid secondary structure, transmembrane domain, subcellular localization, signal peptide and promoter sequence by bioinformatic analysis tools. Then Fffas was ligated to pET-22b-NEXT to construct an expression vector, and the protein product FfFAS was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli Rosetta. After purification by Ni-NTA agarose column and Sephadex desalting gravity column, the heterologously expressed FfFAS was determined for its interaction with the blue light receptor FfCry-DASH of F. filiformis by the glutathione S-transferase (GST) pull down assay. The results showed that the full length of Fffas was 1 210 bp, which contained one intron and encoded 385 amino acids. The relative molecular mass, isoelectric point, aliphatic index, average hydrophilicity coefficient, and instability index of FfFAS were 42 018, 6.89, 70.44, —0.454, and 51.61, respectively. The structural formula of FfFAS was C1852H2889N515O569S17. The secondary structure of FfFAS contained 31.95% α-helices, 5.97% extended strands, and 62.08% random coils. Based on sequence analysis, there was a superfamily conserved domain in FfFAS, and it was a non-transmembrane protein localized in the nucleus. The promoter sequence of Fffas contained light-responsive elements G-box, Sp1, TCT-motif, TCCC-motif, and GATA-motif. FfFAS interacted with the blue light receptor FfCry-DASH. These results provided a reference for the functional study of Fffas and the structural analysis of FfFAS.
  • A Study on the Mating Type of Lepista sordida
    ZHANG Xiuwei, NIU Lili, CAI Fuge
    2025, 32(04): 9-12. https://doi.org/10.16488/j.cnki.1005-9873.2025.04.002
    Abstract ( ) PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    Basidiospores of wild Lepista sordida fruiting bodies were collected, and 78 monosporal strains were isolated. After three rounds of mating experiments, the monosporal strains were divided into four groups (T1, T2, T3, T4) according to their mating types. Chi-square test showed that the ratio of the four mating types was 1∶1∶1∶1, suggesting that L. sordida is a four-polar mating edible fungus.
  • Breeding of a New Ganoderma lucidum Cultivar ‘Yunling No. 1’
    MU Lidan, ZHAO Long, WU Xiaoqu, LIU Yanfang, ZHANG Jingsong, FENG Jie, LI Shuhong, LI Exian
    2025, 32(04): 13-20. https://doi.org/10.16488/j.cnki.1005-9873.2025.04.003
    Abstract ( ) PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    Wild fruiting bodies of Ganoderma lucidum were collected in different regions of Yunnan Province, and then six strains were obtained through tissue isolation. Using G.lucidum strain Jindi as the control, the isolated wild strains were screened for two rounds, and then an elite strain was selected for pilot test and demonstration cultivation. The results showed that the strain named L4905 had superior agronomic trains than the control strain Jindi. The stipe length, pileus length, pileus width, and pileus thickness of L4905 were (10.85±0.63) cm, (13.08±0.85) cm, (7.32±0.40) cm, and (1.44±0.04) cm, respectively. The fruiting body yield, biological efficiency, and spore powder yield of L4905 were (81.68±1.69) g, (14.78±0.46)%, and (24.90±0.58) g per bag, respectively. L4905 had a relatively short cultivation cycle of (59±2) d. In 2024, L4905 passed the identification of non-major crop varieties in Yunnan Province by the Seed Management Station of Yunnan Province, and was named ‘Yunling No. 1’. It is suitable for facility and bionic cultivation under forest in Yunnan and its surrounding areas.
  • Biological Characteristics and Domestication of Grifola edulis and Grifola sinensis
    CHEN Dechao, LI Exian, WANG Shuai, ZHAO Long, MU Lidan, LUO Hongmei, LI Shuhong
    2025, 32(04): 21-28. https://doi.org/10.16488/j.cnki.1005-9873.2025.04.004
    Abstract ( ) PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    Fruiting bodies of Grifola edulis and G. sinensis were collected in Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, and two strains L5366 (G. edulis) and L5453 (G. sinensis) were obtained from them by tissue isolation. L5366 and L5453 were studied for their optimal carbon source, nitrogen source, inorganic salt, C/N ratio, pH, and temperature, and then domesticated. The results showed that in the experimental range, the optimal carbon source, nitrogen source, inorganic salt, C/N ratio, and pH for mycelial growth of L5366 and L5453 were fructose, soybean cake powder, ferrous sulfate, 20∶1, and 6, respectively. The optimal temperature for mycelial growth of L5366 and L5453 were 28 ℃ and 24 ℃, respectively. Under the optimal conditions, the biological efficiencies of L5366 and L5453 were 13.41% and 11.35% respectively. These results provided a reference for exploring Grifola spp. resources in Yunnan and enriching Grifola varieties.
  • Effects of Different Cultivation Treatments under Moso Bamboo Forest on Agronomic Traits of Auricularia cornea
    LI Dongchen, CAI Chunju, ZHANG Lei, CHAI Yun, CHEN Sheng, XIE Jinzhong, WANG Xin
    2025, 32(04): 29-36. https://doi.org/10.16488/j.cnki.1005-9873.2025.04.005
    Abstract ( ) PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    Four treatments were set up for cultivation of Auricularia cornea under Moso bamboo forest as follows: T1 (no post-ripening+no shading), T2 (no post-ripening+shading), T3 (post-ripening+no shading), and T4 (post-ripening+shading). In each treatment, cultivation bags were hung at four different heights, 60 cm, 90 cm, 120 cm, and 150 cm. The resultant fruiting bodies from different treatments were measured for total output, single fruiting body mass, moisture content, width, and thickness. The results showed that within the experimental range, fruiting bodies of T4-150 achieved the highest values in moisture content, thickness, single fruiting body weight, and total output, which were (95.5±1.6)%, (2.1±0.1) mm, (14.3±0.9) g, and (590.3±39.3) g, respectively. Post-ripening and shading with a hanging height of 150 cm significantly improved yield and agronomic traits. These findings provided a reference for cultivation of A. cornea under Moso bamboo forests.
  • Spectrum-Effect Relationship Between Chromatographic Fingerprints and Anti-inflammatory Activity of Low Molecular Weight Polysaccharides from Fruiting Bodies of Different Lentinula edodes Strains
    LIU Liping, LUO Jia, FENG Jie, ZHANG Meiyan, ZHANG Dan, ZHANG Jingsong, SONG Chunyan, LIU Yanfang
    2025, 32(04): 37-46. https://doi.org/10.16488/j.cnki.1005-9873.2025.04.006
    Abstract ( ) PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    Twelve representative Lentinula edodes strains with relative high total polysaccharide content were selected and numbered A1 to A12. Then fruiting bodies of the 12 strains were subjected to stepwise alcohol precipitation (20%, 50%, 75%) to obtain low-molecular-weight polysaccharide fraction LNE3 (the fraction from 75% alcohol precipitation). LNE3 fractions of A1-A12 were analyzed for their chromatographic fingerprint profiles of molecular weight distribution and monosaccharide composition. LNE3 fractions were also analyzed for anti-inflammatory activity in vitro, and the spectrum-effect relationship of LNE3 was analyzed by grey correlation analysis and regression analysis. The results showed that the LNE3 fractions of A1-A12 primarily comprised five components with distinct molecular weight ranges (peaks P1-P5), and the predominant monosaccharides were glucose (Glc), glucosamine (GlcN), and mannose (Man), with Glc showing the highest proportion (69.13% to 83.72%). The LNE3 from A2 showed significantly stronger anti-inflammatory activity than LNE3 of other samples. There was a strong correlation between chromatographic profile and anti-inflammatory activity for peaks P1 (2.99×104-7.89×104 g·mol-1), P2 (7.96×10³-2.48×104 g·mol-1), and P3 (2.12×10³-6.73×10³ g·mol-1). The monopolysaccharide components GlcN and Man exhibited a strong positive correlation with anti-inflammatory activity, whereas fucose (Fuc) and galactose (Gal) showed a strong negative correlation. By identifying characteristic peaks of LNE3 in fruiting bodies of L. edodes through the spectrum-effect relationship model, this study provided a reference for screening high-quality fruiting bodies for industrial preparation of L. edodes polysaccharides with stable activity.
  • Inhibitory Activity of Solid-State Fermentation Extracts of Vanderbylia robiniophila on Xanthine Oxidase
    YAO Yilan, PAN Meichen, ZHOU Bin, LI Changtian, LI Yu
    2025, 32(04): 47-56. https://doi.org/10.16488/j.cnki.1005-9873.2025.04.007
    Abstract ( ) PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    Vanderbylia robiniophila was cultivated on different solid-state fermentation substrates, including wheat (Triticum aestivum), rice (Oryza sativa), corn (Zea mays), and soybean (Glycine max) okara. Then fruiting bodies developed on different substrates were extracted by ethanol and compared for inhibitory activity on xanthine oxidase. The extract with the best inhibition effect was further extracted by different solvents to yield fractions of different polarities, and then the fraction with the highest inhibition rate on xanthine oxidase was determined for inhibition type and inhibition constant (Ki) by Lineweaver-Burk plot and Dixon plot, respectively. The results showed that the xanthine oxidase inhibition rates of the ethanol extracts of fruiting bodies developed on wheat, rice, corn, and soybean okara substrates were (65.58±0.48)%, (54.44±2.12)%, (24.32±0.71)%, and (24.49±1.44)% at 5 mg·mL-1, respectively. Among the fractions derived from fruiting bodies cultivated on the wheat substrate, the inhibition rates ranked as dichloromethane>ethyl acetate>n-butanol>petroleum ether, and their IC50 were 0.586, 0.643, 3.374, and 18.12 mg·mL-1, respectively. The dichloromethane fraction of the wheat substrate showed reversible competitive inhibition against xanthine oxidase, and the Ki was 0.147 mg·mL-1. These results suggested that the dichloromethane fraction of V. robiniophila developed on wheat had a significant inhibitory effect on xanthine oxidase, and thus has the therapeutic potential to treat hyperuricemia.
  • Effects of Ultrasonic Degradation on Physicochemical Properties and In vitro Antioxidant Activity of Lentinula edodes Polysaccharide
    JIA Wei, YU Yanzhen, LIU Yanfang, ZHANG Jingsong, WANG Wenhan
    2025, 32(04): 57-65. https://doi.org/10.16488/j.cnki.1005-9873.2025.04.008
    Abstract ( ) PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    The effects of ultrasonic degradation on viscosity, molecular weight distribution characteristics, monosaccharide composition, functional groups, triple helix structure, and in vitro antioxidant activity of Lentinula edodes polysaccharide LF3 were studied. LF3 was treated with 40% ultrasonic amplitude for 10 min, 30 min and 60 min to generate three degraded polysaccharides named ULF3-10, ULF3-30 and ULF3-60, respectively. The results showed that as the ultrasonic treatment time extended, the weight average molecular weight, number average molecular weight and viscosity of LF3 solution decreased, whereas the proportion of glucose in monosaccharide composition increased. The main functional groups and triple helix structure of LF3 remained the same after ultrasonic degradation. On the other hand, the antioxidant activity of LF3 increased after ultrasonic degradation, and when the mass concentration of the polysaccharide samples was 0.6-1.0 mg·mL-1, ultrasonic degradation for 60 min resulted in significantly higher antioxidant activity than ultrasonic degradation for 10 min and 30 min. These results provided a reference for further development and utilization of polysaccharides in L. edodes.
  • Characteristic Analysis of Hericium erinaceus Protein-Polysaccharide Complex Pickering Emulsion and Its Inhibitory Activity on α-Amylase
    WANG Ruotong, WANG Yu, LI Wenying, FAN Chen, LIU Jingyu, LI Bo
    2025, 32(04): 66-80. https://doi.org/10.16488/j.cnki.1005-9873.2025.04.009
    Abstract ( ) PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    Hericium erinaceus protein-polysaccharide complex was prepared and analyzed for composition and structure. The complex was mixed with corn oil at a mass ratio of 8∶2, and then treated with ultrasonics (400W, 1s on/1 s off cycle) to prepare Pickering emulsion of H. erinaceus protein-polysaccharide complex. The Pickering emulsion was analyzed for particle size, zeta-potential, appearance structure, microstructure and rheological properties, and evaluated for stability and inhibitory activity on α-amylase. The results showed that contents of polysaccharide, protein and uronic acid in H. erinaceus protein-polysaccharide complex were 27.2%, 31.7% and 11.7%, respectively. The Pickering emulsion of the protein-polysaccharide complex had an average particle size of 8.5 nm, and its zeta-potential was -30.28 mV. The emulsion droplets were uniform in size, well dispersed, and exhibited good fluidity. The emulsion showed excellent storage stability (0-7 d), resistance to salt ions (0-400 mmol · L-1), thermal stability (20-80 ℃), and pasteurization stability. The Pickering emulsion was stable under strong alkali environment, but it was unstable under strong acid environment. There was slight stratification after centrifugation at 7 050 g for 10 min. Freeze-thaw treatment also significantly affect the stability of the emulsion. Compared with the protein-polysaccharide complex, the Pickering emulsion showed higher ingher inhibition rate on α-amylase. These results provided a reference for development of food-grade stable Pickering emulsions from edible fungal protein-polysaccharide complexes.
  • Deep Learning-Based Image Recognition and Analysis System for Phenotypic Analysis of Hypsizygus marmoreus Pileus Spots
    JIANG Ning, CHEN Jing, YU Changxia, SU Haihui, DONG Haoran, LI Qiaozhen, YU Hailong, LI Zhengpeng
    2025, 32(04): 81-90. https://doi.org/10.16488/j.cnki.1005-9873.2025.04.010
    Abstract ( ) PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    In order to improve quality monitoring during the production process of Hypsizygus marmoreus, an image recognition and analysis system for phenotypic characteristics of spots on pilei was developed based on deep learning. The system was constructed through image acquisition, color calibration, bounding box annotation, model training, model deployment, phenotypic criteria establishment, and image-based analytical modules. First, an MV-CA013-20GC industrial camera was used to capture pileus images. Color correction algorithms (white balance and Lab color difference optimization) were applied to eliminate interference of ambient light and ensure color fidelity. Then, 500 color-corrected images were annotated by the X-AnyLabeling tool to construct a training dataset. A YOLOv5 object detection model was trained with data augmentation techniques to improve generalization performance. The trained model was then deployed on a Raspberry Pie 4B computing device to enable automated pileus segmentation and spot feature analysis. Phenotypic parameters of pileus spots, including spot count, size, spatial distribution, and color attributes, were quantified using the findContours algorithm in OpenCV. This system provided a technical framework for standardized phenotypic analysis of pileus spots of H. marmoreus fruiting bodies.
  • Research Progress on Structural Characteristics of Hericium erinaceus Polysaccharides and Their Regulation of Gastrointestinal Function
    TIAN Xin, CHEN Pei, GUO Longming, CHEN Shaodan, HU Huiping
    2025, 32(04): 91-107. https://doi.org/10.16488/j.cnki.1005-9873.2025.04.011
    Abstract ( ) PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    Hericium erinaceus is an edible and medicinal fungus rich in bioactive compounds such as polysaccharides, proteins, terpenoids, and lipids. Polysaccharides are a group of key active components in H. erinaceus, and they have a wide range of bioactivities, i.e., immunomodulation, antitumor, antioxidation, and anti-inflammation. Structural characteristics of H. erinaceus polysaccharides (HEPs), and their gastrointestinal regulatory activities and mechanisms were reviewed, so as to provide insights for further research and application of HEPs.
  • Advances in Research and Industrial Application of Fungal Meat Analogues
    WANG Dandan, YANG Ruiheng, SHAO Youran, GUO Ting, ZHANG Meng, WU Yingying, CHEN Hongyu, LI Yan
    2025, 32(04): 108-126. https://doi.org/10.16488/j.cnki.1005-9873.2025.04.012
    Abstract ( ) PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    Edible fungi are great sources of rich nutrients and high-quality proteins. Meat analogues produced from processed edible fungi show excellent texture, flavor, and appearance. The flavor, texture, nutrition, preparation technology, and industrial applications of fungal meat analogues were reviewed. The challenges during research and development of fungal meat analogues were discussed, and their future development and utilization were prospected.
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