XIE Chunqin, HUANG Xiaozhong, FAN Junmin, ZHANG Weijie, RUAN Siyu, LIU Yirui
The effects of different cultivation substrates on the agronomic traits and bioactive component accumulation of two Sanghuangporus vaninii strains, Su-S-1 and Su-S-2, were studied. Mulberry tree logs (20 cm in length) were used as the control group (P-log), while various cultivation substrates were formulated by mixing mulberry sawdust, beech sawdust, cornmeal, and wheat bran in different proportions. These cultivation substrate groups were measured for time required full colonization of mycelial growth and primordium formation, fruiting body color, dry weight per fruiting body, total dry weight, pileus size, and contents of crude polysaccharide, total flavonoids, and total triterpenoids. A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed using SPSS 26.0 to evaluate the effects of cultivation substrate, strain, and their interaction on each parameter. The results showed that strain Su-S-1 cultivated with formula P-Ⅰ (20% mulberry sawdust, 60% beech sawdust, 15% wheat bran, and 5% cornmeal) exhibited relatively high values for dry weight per fruiting body [(18.33 ± 0.88) g], total dry weight [(550.00 ± 26.46) g], pileus length [(10.39 ± 0.67) cm], and pileus width [(4.10 ± 0.50) cm]. Strain Su-S-2 cultivated with formula P-Ⅳ (80% mulberry sawdust, 15% wheat bran, and 5% corn flour) also showed relatively high values for these parameters, with dry weight per fruiting body, total dry weight, pileus length, and pileus width reaching (18.67 ± 0.81) g, (560.00 ± 24.56) g, (10.17 ± 0.52) cm, and (4.30 ± 0.37) cm, respectively. Both strains produced the highest content of crude polysaccharide under formula P-Ⅴ (80% beech sawdust, 15% wheat bran, and 5% cornmeal). The total flavonoid content of strain Su-S-1 was relatively high in the control group (P-log) and with formulas P-Ⅰ and P-III (60% mulberry sawdust, 20% beech sawdust, 15% wheat bran, and 5% corn flour), reaching (18.30 ± 1.28) μg·g-1, (14.20 ± 1.78) μg·g-1, and (17.60 ± 2.65) μg·g-1, respectively. For Su-S-2, high total flavonoid contents were observed under the control group (P-log), formula P-I, and formula P-II (40% mulberry sawdust, 40% beech sawdust, 15% wheat bran, and 5% corn flour), reaching (14.23 ± 1.85) μg·g-1, (12.00 ± 2.03) μg·g-1, and (16.30 ± 2.26) μg·g-1, respectively. Regarding total triterpenoid content, Su-S-1 showed relatively high levels under the control group (P-log) and formula P-Ⅲ (60% mulberry sawdust, 20% beech sawdust, 15% wheat bran, and 5% cornmeal), at (16.20 ± 2.17) mg·g-1 and (12.10 ± 1.73) mg·g-1, respectively. Su-S-2 performed better under the control (P-log) and formulas P-III, P-IV, and P-I, with total triterpenoid contents of (13.47 ± 1.36) mg·g-1, (12.77 ± 0.95) mg·g-1, (12.63 ± 1.05) mg·g-1, and (11.23 ± 1.88) mg·g-1, respectively. There was a significant interaction effect between strain and cultivation substrate formula, and the cultivation outcome was strain-specific. On the other hand, the accumulation of bioactive components was significantly affected by cultivation substrate formula, and the high-yielding formulas did not completely coincide with those yielding high component contents, suggesting that biomass accumulation and component synthesis may be regulated by distinct pathways. These findings provide a reference for precision management and efficient production of S. vaninii.
