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  • Overexpression of Acetyl-Coenzyme A Synthetase Gene Improves Ganoderic Acid Production in Ganoderma lingzhi
    WANG Zixu, XU Junwei
    2025, 32(06): 1-11. https://doi.org/10.16488/j.cnki.1005-9873.2025.06.001
    Abstract ( ) Knowledge map Save
    The complete sequence of the acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase gene of Ganoderma lingzhi (acs) was cloned, with a full length of 2 830 bp. Then an acs overexpression G. lingzhi strain named ACS was constructed by a G. lingzhi specific transformation method, and verified by PCR amplification and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Biomass, contents of ganoderic acids (GAS), acetyl-coenzyme A level, accumulation of intermediate metabolites, and expression levels of key genes involved in the ganoderic acid synthesis pathway were measured in both ACS and wild-type (WT) strains under shake-flask and static liquid culture conditions. The results showed that overexpression of acs resulted in increased production of GAs in G. lingzhi under both culture conditions. Specifically, under liquid static culture, the contents of GA-Mk, GA-S and total GAs in ACS reached (650.11±57.37) μg·100 mg-1 dry mycelium weight, (491.22±39.77) μg·100 mg-1 dry mycelium weight and (3.53±0.16) mg·100 mg-1 dry mycelium weight, respectively, which were 1.5, 1.4 and 1.5 times those in WT respectively. Under liquid static culture, the highest levels of acetyl-coenzyme A, squalene and lanosterol in ACS were 1.9, 1.6 and 1.4 times those in WT, respectively. Under liquid static culture, the highest transcription levels of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (hmgr), squalene synthase (sqs) and lanosterol synthase (ls) in ACS were up‐regulated to 2.0, 2.1 and 2.1 times those in WT, respectively. These results indicated that overexpression of acs is an effective strategy for increasing GAs production in G. lingzhi.
  • Fruiting Body Morphogenesis and Tissue-Specific Functional Gene Expression in entinula edodes
    SONG Xiaoxia, ZHANG Meiyan, XU Zhen, ZHANG Dan, U Yansha, JIANG Ning, TAN Qi, SONG Chunyan
    2025, 32(06): 12-21. https://doi.org/10.16488/j.cnki.1005-9873.2025.06.002
    Abstract ( ) Knowledge map Save
    To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying morphological variations among fruiting bodies of different Lentinula edodes strains, we characterized fruiting body morphogenesis through longitudinal section observations and examined strain- and tissue-specific expression patterns of 18 functional genes using fluorescence quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The fruiting body tissues were divided into eight regions and designatedⅠ~Ⅷ as follows: epidermal tissue at top of pileus (Ⅰ), context of pileus (Ⅱ), peripheral scale tissue of pileus (Ⅲ), context tissue at the junction between stipe and pileus (Ⅳ), gills (Ⅴ), epidermal tissue of stipe (Ⅵ), context of stipe (Ⅶ), and basal context (Ⅷ). The results showed that primordial initials with distinct internal tissue differentiation were enveloped by multiple layers of veils. As pilei and stipes expanded, gill cavities enlarged, causing progressive rupture of the veils; remnant veil tissues formed scales on pilei and cilia on stipes, with complete veil rupture culminating in maturation and subsequent spore dispersal. There were distinct differences in fruiting body morphological characteristics between strains Le2025002 and Le2025003. In Le2025002, the highest relative expression levels acrossⅠ~Ⅷ were detected for chitin synthase gene (chs), glucan synthase protein gene (gs), chs, 60S ribosomal protein L2 gene (rip), chs, gs, mannitol-1-phosphate 5-dehydrogenase gene (mpdh), and chs, respectively. In Le2025003, the dominant functional genes across Ⅰ~Ⅷ were sugar transporter 5 gene (st5), st5, st5, delta-12 fatty acid desaturase protein gene (fad2), rip, st5, st5 and st5, respectively. There were 17, 0, 11, 17, 15, 18, 12 and 10 significantly differentially expressed genes between Le2025002 and Le2025003 in Ⅰ~Ⅷ, respectively. Among them, glycoside hydrolase family 5 protein gene (gh5) and glycoside hydrolase family 6 protein gene (gh6) showed similar trends across all structural tissues in both strains. The relative expression level of st5 peaked in tissue I of both strains, whereas that of rip was the highest in tissue V of both strains. Genes gs and fad2 showed maximal expression in tissue VI of both strains.These results provided a reference for molecular-assisted detection concerning new plant variety rights in L. edodes
  • Integrating Genome and Transcriptome Data to Identify Key Genes in the β-Glucan Biosynthetic Pathway of Ganoderma lucidum
    ZHANG Jinxiu, ZHANG Henan, TANG Chuanhong, ZHOU Shuai, LIU Yanfang, FEGN Jie, YANG Xiaotong, ZHANG Jingsong
    2025, 32(06): 22-36. https://doi.org/10.16488/j.cnki.1005-9873.2025.06.004
    Abstract ( ) Knowledge map Save
    Ganoderma lucidum β-glucan possesses multiple biological activities and has significant values in the health care field. Using Hunong Lingzhi No. 4 (H4) and its high β-glucan mutant strains G42 and G106 obtained through atmospheric and room temperature plasma mutagenesis as materials, key genes in the β-glucan biosynthetic pathway of G. lucidum were explored via genomic and transcriptomic analyses. The results showed that, compared with H4, upregulated genes in G42 and G106 were primarily enriched in carbon metabolism, pyruvic acid metabolism, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and biosynthesis of amino acids. The upregulation of the genes related to carbohydrate metabolic pathways in G42 and G106 may promote β-glucan production. Through genomic analysis and transcriptomic analysis of differentially expressed genes, six key genes (0Z-00977, 0Z-01759, 0Z-02335, 0Z-04400, 0Z-09130, and 0Z-09399) potentially influencing β-glucan biosynthesis were identified. qPCR verification confirmed that the expression trends of these six genes in G42 and G106 were consistent with the transcriptomic results. This study provided a reference for further studying the regulatory mechanisms of β-glucan biosynthesis in G. lucidum and for breeding varieties with a high β-glucan content.
  • Cloning and Expression Analysis of Trehalose-6-Phosphate Phosphatase Gene in Volvariella volvacea
    ZHOU Yi, PAN Jinlong, LI Zihao, LI Weihang, ZHANG Lijuan, ZOU Yajie
    2025, 32(06): 37-44. https://doi.org/10.16488/j.cnki.1005-9873.2025.06.005
    Abstract ( ) Knowledge map Save
    The trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase gene of Volvariella volvacea (VvTPP) was cloned from V. volvacea strain V34 and subjected to bioinformatics analysis. Then a prokaryotic VvTPP expression vector was constructed for heterologous expression of VvTPP. V. volvacea strain V34 was also cultivated under different temperatures (16, 25, 30, 35, and 40 ℃), and measured for mycelial growth rate, VvTPP expression level by real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR), VvTPP activity, and trehalose content. The results showed that the DNA sequence of VvTPP was 3 346 bp, including 12 introns and 13 exons, and encoded 881 amino acids. Within the experimental range, the mycelial growth rate of strain V34 reached the maximum of (24.55±0.63) mm·d-1 at 35 ℃, while the lowest growth rate was observed at 16 ℃, measuring (9.83 ± 0.66) mm·d-1. The expression of VvTPP was high at 16 ℃ and 40 ℃. The activity of VvTPP was the highest at 40 ℃, reaching (8.22±0.37) U·g-1. On the other hand, trehalose reached the highest content of (42.21±1.43) mg·g-1 at 16 ℃. These results provided a reference for molecular breeding strategies for enhancing stress resistance in edible fungi.
  • Domestication of Wild Phallus cremeo-ochraceus
    YUE Wansong, SUN Dafeng, LI Jianying, LIU Shaoxiong, YUE Tingsong, ZHANG Xiaohua, LI Xuesong, HUA Rong
    2025, 32(06): 45-51. https://doi.org/10.16488/j.cnki.1005-9873.2025.06.006
    Abstract ( ) Knowledge map Save
    A wild Phallus species collected from Yibin, Sichuan was identified as Phallus cremeo-ochraceus by ITS analysis.Through isolation of the collected fruiting body tissue, a strain named BZZS was obtained. BZZS was then studied for biological characteristics and domesticated cultivation.The results showed that the optimal carbon source, nitrogen source, inorganic salt, pH and temperature for mycelial growth of BZZS were soluble starch, cornmeal, magnesium sulfate, 5, and 30 ℃, respectively.When cultivated on a substrate composed of 57% broadleaf sawdust, 25% corn cobs, 16% wheat bran, 1% gypsum, 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 0.5% magnesium sulfate, with a moisture content of 60%, the mycelia of BZZS fully colonized the culture bags at (60±4) d. After covering with casing soil, primordia formed after approximately (25±3) d, and the primordia took approximately another (55±4) d to develop into mature fruiting bodies. This study provided a reference for industrial production of P. cremeo-ochraceus.
  • Transcriptome Analysis of Hepatoprotective Effect of Pleurotus ferulae Polysaccharide G-1
    Muguli MUHAXI, Oren AKHBERDI, Mayira TURDIBEK, WANG Guangquan, LIU Fang, PANG Kejian
    2025, 32(06): 64-75. https://doi.org/10.16488/j.cnki.1005-9873.2025.06.007
    Abstract ( ) Knowledge map Save
    To investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the protective effect of Pleurotus ferulae polysaccharide G-1 against oxidative damage in hepatic L02 cells, RNA-Seq sequencing technology was used to analyze gene expression profiles in L02 cells of the following groups: G-1 group, blank control group, and H2O2 model group. Then differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the three groups were subjected to GO functional enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway analysis. The results showed that the percentage of coexpressed genes in the three groups was 87.61%. There were 188, 223 and 639 genes exclusively expressed in the G-1 group, the blank control group and the model group, respectively. Compared with the model group, there were 2 782 DEGs in the G-1 group, with 1 495 up-regulated and 1 287 down-regulated. The GO functional analysis showed that genes associated with oxidation-reduction, inflammatory response, and apoptosis were involved in the protective effect of G-1 against hepatocyte damage. The KEGG pathway enrichment results showed that the MAPK signaling pathway, CYP450 enzyme, and PPAR signaling pathway were identified as the primary target signaling pathways through which G-1 exerts its hepatoprotective effect. The DEGs within these pathways may serve as potential therapeutic targets for liver injury diseases.
  • Effects of Naematelia aurantialba Crude Polysaccharide on Rheological and Textural Characteristics of Gummy Candy
    GENG Jie, SUN Haowen, LIU Yanfang, LIU Liping, FENG Jie, YANG Linlei, LU Qingqing, ZHANG Jingsong
    2025, 32(06): 76-83. https://doi.org/10.16488/j.cnki.1005-9873.2025.06.008
    Abstract ( ) Knowledge map Save
    Using two gelling agents, agar-konjac gum (formula 1) and gelatin (formula 2) as bases, gummy candies were prepared with the addition of Naematelia aurantialba crude polysaccharide (NAP) at different mass concentrations (0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0%). The static and dynamic rheological properties of the candy syrups of both formulas added with different concentrations of NAP were measured using a rheometer, and the textural properties of the resultant gummy candies were determined using a texture analyzer. The results showed that as the NAP concentration increased from 0% to 2%, the consistency coefficient (k) of formula 1 candy syrups increased from 66.759 Pa·sn to 146.96 Pa·sn, whereas its flow behavior index (n) decreased from 0.264 to 0.154. For formula 2 candy syrups, the k value increased from 88.566 Pa·sn to 455.54 Pa·sn, and the n value decreased from 0.461 to 0.134. In formula 1 gummy candies, 2.0% NAP resulted in the highest hardness, while 0.5% NAP yielded the maximum elasticity, cohesiveness, and springiness. In formula 2, gummy candies reached the highest hardness with the addition of 1.0% NAP. Formula 2 gummy candies with 0.5% NAP had the lowest adhesiveness and fracturability, but the highest springiness. On the other hand, 2.0% NAP resulted in the lowest springiness and cohesiveness, yet the highest gumminess and chewiness. These results suggested that NAP significantly modulated the rheological and textural characteristics of gummy candies, providing a valuable reference for developing functional gummies containing N. aurantialba crude polysaccharide.
  • Investigation of Pests on Cultivated Morchella and Screening of Control Agents
    MA Lin, YUAN Weidong, LIN Jinsheng, XU Ping, QU Shaoxuan, HOU Lijuan, LI Huiping, XIN Ya
    2025, 32(06): 84-91. https://doi.org/10.16488/j.cnki.1005-9873.2025.06.009
    Abstract ( ) Knowledge map Save
    With the prolonged artificial cultivation of morel mushrooms (Morchella spp.) pests have progressively emerged as a major constraint on yield and quality. Pest identification and effective control agents are essential for pest control in morel cultivation. We conducted a systematic survey on morel pests across 23 cultivation bases in eight provinces, combining morphological and molecular methods for taxonomic identification. Additionally, laboratory toxicity of four kinds of insecticides against a newly recognized pest, Enchytraeus albidus, was evaluated by the mushroom slice-dipping method. The results showed that 52 samples were collected, from which a total of 30 species belonging to 11 families, five orders, and four classes were identified. All these pests were characterized by small size, rapid reproduction, and cryptic habits. Among the 23 investigated bases, 16 bases across seven provinces (excluding Anhui Province) harbored 10 pest species from the Diptera order of the Insecta class (33.33% of total species). Twelve bases across four provinces were infested with five pest species from two families each within the orders Entomobryomorpha and Poduromorpha (Collembola) (collectively 33.33% of total species). Eight bases across six provinces showed the presence of seven species from five genera of the Enchytraeidae family within the Enchytraeida order of the Clitellata class (23.33% of total species), and four bases across three provinces had three mite species from three families of the Acariformes order within the Arachnida class (9.99% of total species). Among the four tested insecticides, 20% dinotefuran SC showed the best insecticidal effect (LC50 = 0.94 mg·L-1), followed by 10% beta-cypermethrin SC. During cultivation, morel mushrooms are susceptible to infestation by 30 pest species, including Bradysia impatiens. For the control of Enchytraeidae, dinotefuran is recommended as a priority.
  • The Essence and Influence of CHANG Shuting’s Academic Thoughts on Edible and Medicinal Mushrooms
    BAO Dapeng, CHEN Mingjie, PAN Yingjie, LIU Yanfang, SONG Chunyan, ZHANG Jingsong, TAN Qi
    2025, 32(06): 92-111. https://doi.org/10.16488/j.cnki.1005-9873.2025.06.010
    Abstract ( ) Knowledge map Save
    Professor CHANG Shuting is hailed as the “Father of International Edible and Medicinal Mushrooms”, with his academic thoughts exerting a profound and far-reaching influence on the global discipline and industrial development of mushrooms. The authors systematically elaborate on CHANG Shuting’s theoretical innovations and practical contributions across various areas, including the construction of the mushroom discipline, genetic breeding, cultivation techniques, health value models, resource recycling, biotechnological applications, industrial standardization, and development strategies. His pivotal contributions in promoting China’s edible and medicinal mushroom industry, fostering talent development, facilitating international exchanges, and providing strategic policy recommendations are highlighted. His leadership in establishing international academic organizations, promoting technological dissemination, and expanding overseas influence are analyzed. Based on his academic thoughts, we envision and propose recommendations for future disciplinary advancement, intelligent cultivation systems, ecological service enhancement, health product innovation, integration of primary-secondary-tertiary industries, and global collaboration. Professor CHANG Shuting’s academic thoughts and industrial practices have not only laid a solid foundation for the scientific, international, and sustainable development of the edible and medicinal mushroom industry in China and even across the world, but also provided significant inspiration for future generations in terms of discipline construction, industrial innovation, and global perspectives. His emphasis on the resource utilization of agricultural and forestry waste, the multifaceted values of edible and medicinal mushrooms in health and environmental protection, and the balanced development of both edible and medicinal mushrooms, still hold profound practical guiding significance for national strategies such as rural revitalization, healthy China initiative, and ecological civilization construction.
  • Molecular Mechanisms of Edible and Medicinal Fungal Polysaccharide-Mediated Regulation of Cell Migration: A Review
    MENG Jinli, QIU Chen, SHI Limin, CHEN Xiaobo, GAO Runchi
    2025, 32(06): 112-127. https://doi.org/10.16488/j.cnki.1005-9873.2025.06.011
    Abstract ( ) Knowledge map Save
    The structural characteristics of edible and medicinal fungal polysaccharides (EMFPs) and their structure-activity relationships in modulating cell migration were reviewed. The molecular mechanisms by which EMFPs influence cell migration, i.e., their roles as immunomodulators and their direct interactions with signaling pathways were summarized. Evidences supporting the potential application of EMFPs in managing tumor metastasis and enhancing wound healing processes were discussed. By integrating findings on polysaccharide structure, immune regulation, and cellular signaling, this review provided a reference for developing EMFPs as therapeutic agents in regenerative medicine and oncology.
  • Advances in Biological Research of Desarmillaria tabescens
    CAI Jingjing, CHEN Zhenzhen, ZHANG Mei
    2025, 32(06): 128-136. https://doi.org/10.16488/j.cnki.1005-9873.2025.06.012
    Abstract ( ) Knowledge map Save
    Recent advances of Desarmillaria tabescens in taxonomy, morphological characteristics, ecological habitat, growth traits, cultivation techniques, biological activities, medicinal values, and major chemical constituents were reviewed. D. tabescens is a fungus widely distributed in subtropical and temperate regions. It holds significant value as a food, medicinal agent, and ecological component. Its fruiting bodies have long been used in cuisine and traditional medicine. Bioactive metabolites derived from D. tabescens, including Armillarisin A and B, ergosterol, and polysaccharides, exhibit diverse pharmacological effects such as hepatoprotection, choleretic effect, anti-inflammatory activity, metabolic regulation, and neuroprotection. D. tabescens also produces indole derivatives and terpenoids, showing a broad range of biological activities. This review aims to provide a reference for the study and application of D. tabescens.
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