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  • Effects of CcPkd2 Gene on Growth, Development, and Active Substance Synthesis of Cordyceps chanhua
    MENG Yiqi, LI Xueqian, LIU Yuwei, WANG Hongkai, CAI Weiming
    2025, 32(05): 1-14. https://doi.org/10.16488/j.cnki.1005-9873.2025.05.001
    Abstract ( ) PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    The effects of CcPkd2 on the growth, development, and active substance synthesis of Cordyceps chanhua were studied through gene knockout and complementation experiments. The results showed that CcPkd2 affected mycelial growth, spore production, and synnemata formation in C. chanhua. After the CcPkd2 gene was knocked out, the utilization of different nitrogen sources by C. chanhua was significantly decreased, and the CcPkd2 knockout strain was highly sensitive to high osmotic and cell wall stresses. Compared with the wild-type strain, the CcPkd2 knockout strain contained a lower level of adenosine and a higher level of N6-(2-hydroxyethyl) adenosine. These results suggested that CcPkd2 plays a crucial role in the development and bioactive substance synthesis of C. chanhua, and thus provided a reference for further understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the development and metabolism of C. chanhua.
  • Using bar Gene as A Selectable Marker for Genetic Transformation of Lentinula edodes
    TANG Guirong, ZHANG Yingwei, CHENG Liang, TAN Qi, YU Hailong, SHANG Xiaodong
    2025, 32(05): 15-24. https://doi.org/10.16488/j.cnki.1005-9873.2025.05.002
    Abstract ( ) PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    A binary vector, pAgbar, was constructed using the backbone of pDHT/SK and the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gpd) promoter from Agaricus bisporus to drive the expression of the bar gene. Through Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation, pAgbar was transformed into L. edodes, conferring glufosinate-ammonium resistace in the transformants. Molecular analyses, including PCR amplification, Southern blot, and genetic stability test, showed that bar was successfully integrated into the L. edodes genome and stably passed down across subcultures under non-selective conditions. These results expanded the toolkit for genetic engineering of L. edodes, and provided a novel technical approach for functional genomic studies in this species.
  • Genome Assembly and Development of SSR Molecular Markers for Cantharellus cibarius and Its Associated Bacteria
    LI Mengsi, HU Ruiling, CHEN Yixuan, MAHAI Xiaoluomu, SHI Dianyi
    2025, 32(05): 25-32. https://doi.org/10.16488/j.cnki.1005-9873.2025.05.003
    Abstract ( ) PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    Cantharellus cibarius is a wild edible fungus with high edible and medicinal value. The fruiting body genomic DNA of C. cibarius and its orange-colored associated bacterium was extracted using the CTAB method. Then sequencing and de novo genome assembly were performed for both C. cibarius and the orange-colored associated bacterium, followed by an assessment of genomic completeness. Whole-genome collinearity analysis was conducted by comparing the genome of the associated orange-colored bacterium with those of Pseudomonas protegens Cab57 and P. protegens CHA0 from the NCBI Genome database, respectively. Molecular markers were developed through identification of simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci, primer design, and PCR amplification. The results showed that the C. cibarius fruiting body genome comprised 763 contigs with a cumulative length of 171.11 Mb and a completeness of 98.30%. A total of 106 scaffolds were obtained from the genome of the orange-colored associated bacterium with a cumulative length of 6.949 Mb. There was a high similarity between the genome of the orange-colored associated bacterium and the genomes of P. protegens Cab57 and P. protegens CHA0, but with notable differences in gene order at certain regions. A total of 14 SSR molecular markers for C. cibarius and 2 for the orange-colored associated bacterium were developed. These results provided a reference for tissue isolation and identification of C. cibarius.
  • Expression of Flammulina filiformis on Glycoside Hydrolase 7 Family on Different Agricultural and Forestry Waste Media
    ZHOU Yi, WANG Jiali, PAN Jinlong, LI Zihao, HAN Jiandong, XIE Hongyan, GONG Zhiyuan, ZOU Yajie
    2025, 32(05): 33-41. https://doi.org/10.16488/j.cnki.1005-9873.2025.05.004
    Abstract ( ) PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    The glycoside hydrolase 7 (GH7) family genes of Flammulina filiformis strain WYS-20 were cloned and subjected to bioinformatics analysis. WYS-20 was then measured for mycelial growth rate on different agricultural and forestry waste-based media (including rice straw, soybean straw, cottonseed hull, sawdust, rice hull, corncob, and peanut hull), and determined for the expression profiles of the F. filiformis GH7 family genes using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. The results showed that the GH7 family genes in F. filiformis comprised FfGH7.1, FfGH7.2, and FfGH7.3, with DNA sequence lengths of 1 489 bp, 1 685 bp, and 1 471 bp, respectively. After cultivation for 12 d, the mycelial growth rates were high on sawdust, corncob, and peanut hull media, reaching (4.27 ± 0.19), (3.88 ± 0.44), and (3.47 ± 0.49) mm·d-1, respectively. FfGH7.1 exhibited high expression levels on rice straw, cottonseed hull, and sawdust media; FfGH7.2 showed the highest expression level on rice straw medium; and the expression level of FfGH7.3 peaked on sawdust medium. These results provided a reference for further research on the expression and functional characterization of GH7 family members in edible fungi.
  • Screening, Validation of Antioxidant Peptides Derived from Agaricus blazei and Their Interaction with Keap1 Protein
    ZHAO Li, PANG Wenhui, ZHAO Haijiao, LIU Jingyu
    2025, 32(05): 42-50. https://doi.org/10.16488/j.cnki.1005-9873.2025.05.005
    Abstract ( ) PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    Fruiting bodies of Agaricus blazei were hydrolyzed by neutral protease, alkaline protease, papain, bromelain, and flavourzyme, respectively. The resultant hydrolysates were screened based on their DPPH free radical scavenging rate and iron ion reducing capacity. Then the the optimal protease hydrolysate was analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for identification of amino acid sequences in it. Potential novel antioxidant peptides with favorable water solubility and non-toxicity were screened using PeptideRanker Web, PepDraw, AnOxPePred, the BIOPEP database, and ToxinPred tools, followed by validation of their in vitro antioxidant activities. Molecular docking technology was used to elucidate the interaction modes between the active peptides and the Kelch domain of the Keap1 protein. The results showed that within the experimental range, the neutral protease hydrolysate (E1) showed a DPPH free radical scavenging rate of (76.2±1.6)%, and an FRAP value of (1 430±19) μg·mL-1. A total of 1 063 polypeptide sequences were identified in E1, from which six novel non-toxic peptides with potential antioxidant activity (namely PRW, FEW, KFYP, LDFP, LDGW and LEW) were selected. The DPPH free radical scavenging rate of LDGW was (42.9±0.9)%, and the iron ion reducing capacity of LEW reached (99.5±0.7) μg·mL-1. Molecular docking showed that all six active peptides primarily bound to the Kelch domain of Keap1 via hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces. These peptides competitively inhibited the interaction between Keap1 and Nrf2, and thus activated the downstream antioxidant pathway to alleviate cellular oxidative stress. These results provided insights into the screening of novel antioxidant peptides and the high-value utilization of A. blazei.
  • Expression of Amylolytic Enzyme Genes and α-Amylase Activity During Cultivation of Phlebopus portentosus
    GAO Feng, XU Xinjing, YANG Tianwei, FANG Yiwei, LIU Jing, JIAN Sipeng, ZHANG Chunxia
    2025, 32(05): 51-58. https://doi.org/10.16488/j.cnki.1005-9873.2025.05.006
    Abstract ( ) PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    Samples of substrates and casing soil from different cultivation stages of Phlebopus portentosus strain 15018 were determined for utilization of grain by the hundred-grain dry weight method, analyzed for the expression profiles of five representative amylolytic enzyme genes via RT-qPCR, and measured for α-amylase activity dynamics by the 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) assay. The results showed that hundred-grain dry weight decreased over the course of cultivation, with a significant decrease during mycelial growth. From sterilized cultivation bags to when mycelia grew full of the cultivation bags, the hundred-grain dry weight (calculated based on dehulled weight) decreased by 56.41%. From initiation of primordia to young mushroom stage Ⅳ, the hundred-grain dry weight (dehulled) decreased by 14.43%. The hundred-grain dry weight (dehulled) further decreased by 4.61% during the period between two flushes. The expression levels of α-glucosidase genes (EVM0003023 and EVM0006348), the α-amylase gene EVM0005859, and the glucoamylase gene EVM0007723 peaked at the mature mushroom stage. The α-glucosidase gene EVM0004031 also showed high expression levels at the mature mushroom stage and the period between two flushes. The α-amylase activity in the substrate was low at the young mushroom stage Ⅲ, and increased to a high level during the period between the first flush and the second flush. On the other hand, the α-amylase activity in the casing soil was high at the primordium stage and the mature mushroom stage, and decreased to a low level at the young mushroom stage Ⅲ. These findings provided a basis for developing high-efficiency cultivation techniques for P. portentosus.
  • Structure and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Tremella fuciformis Polysaccharide
    SHEN Lulu, ZHANG Lingling, WU Tao
    2025, 32(05): 59-66. https://doi.org/10.16488/j.cnki.1005-9873.2025.05.007
    Abstract ( ) PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    A polysaccharide was extracted from fruiting bodies of Tremella fuciformis with weak alkaline solution. Then the polysaccharide extract was studied for structure and anti-inflammatory activity. The results showed that the sugar content, uronic acid content, and molecular weight of the T. fuciformis polysaccharide were (98.6±1.20)%, (13.2±0.6)%, and 853 400 g·mol-1, respectively. The monosaccharide compositions of the T. fuciformis polysaccharide were mannose, fucose, glucose, xylose, and glucuronic acid, and the molar ratio was 62.6∶12.6∶2.6∶5.8∶16.4. Methylation test showed that the polysaccharide was primarily composed of →3)-Man-(1→ and →2,3)-Man-(1→, with a small amount of →2)-Xyl-(1→, →4)-Fuc-(1→, →3,4)-Fuc-(1→, Xyl-(1→, Glc A-(1→ and Fuc-(1→. In the concentration range of 100-1 500 μg·mL-1, the T. fuciformis polysaccharide significantly inhibited NO release in RAW 264.7 cells, and the IC50 was (749.7±39.3) μg·mL-1. The polysaccharide also significantly reduced the relative protein expression level of iNOS at 1 000 μg·mL-1. These results provided a reference for the development of T. fuciformis polysaccharides.
  • Optimization of Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction Process for Crude Polysaccharide from Ganoderma sinense by Response Surface Methodology and Its Antioxidant Activity
    MAO Fanghua, LIAO Penghui, ZHENG Meixia, CHEN Hong, ZHU Yanming, LI Luanxiang, SU Hailan, FANG Yanghui
    2025, 32(05): 67-77. https://doi.org/10.16488/j.cnki.1005-9873.2025.05.008
    Abstract ( ) PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    Using single-factor experiments and response surface methodology, ultrasonic-assisted extraction process was optimized for crude polysaccharide from Ganoderma sinense cultivated via wild-simulated cultivation under forest canopy. Based on the results of single-factor experiments, a four-factor, five-level Box-Behnken design model was established using Design Expert 8.0.5 to determine the optimal extraction conditions. The factors included liquid-material ratio, extraction temperature, extraction time, and extraction power, and crude polysaccharide extraction rate was the dependent variable. The crude polysaccharide extract was further measured for ABTS scavenging rate, DPPH scavenging rate, and total antioxidant capacity. The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions were as follows: liquid-material ratio of 27 mL·g-1, extraction temperature of 61 ℃, extraction time of 29 min, and extraction power of 225 W. Under these conditions, the crude polysaccharide extraction rate reached 5.17%. At 1 mg·mL-1, the scavenging rates of the crude polysaccharide extract for ABTS and DPPH radicals were (91.50±2.70)% and (93.50±2.60)%, respectively, with IC50 values of 0.65 mg·mL-1 and 0.57 mg·mL-1. As the mass concentration of the crude polysaccharide extract increased, the total antioxidant capacity increased. These results provided a reference for the development and utilization of crude polysaccharide from Ganoderma sinense.
  • Effects of Selenium on Mycelial Growth, Fruiting Body Development and Fruiting Body Quality of Naematelia aurantialba
    CAO Yao, YANG Linlei, LUO Xiangying, SHEN Zhenhui, LU Qingqing, ZI Lingshan, LI Rongchun
    2025, 32(05): 78-85. https://doi.org/10.16488/j.cnki.1005-9873.2025.05.009
    Abstract ( ) PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    The effects of selenium on mycelial growth, fruiting body development and fruiting body quality of Naematelia aurantialba were studied. Selenium was added to PDA and liquid medium at 10 mass concentrations of 0, 22.83, 45.66, 68.49, 91.32, 114.15, 136.98, 159.81, 182.64 and 205.47 mg·kg-1, and the mycelial growth of different concentration groups was observed and recorded to obtain an appropriate concentration range. Based on the optimal concentration range, six selenium mass concentrations (0, 4.57, 9.13, 13.70, 18.26 and 22.83 mg·kg-1) were selected and added to the cultivation substrate to determine agronomic traits, contents of total selenium and organic selenium, and nutritional quality of the N. aurantialba fruiting bodies developed on the six mass concentrations of selenium. The results showed that selenium had minor effect on mycelia of N. aurantialba cultivated on PDA and in liquid medium at 22.83 mg·kg-1. The total selenium content of the fruiting bodies increased with the increase of selenium content in the cultivation substrate, reaching the maximum of 6.32 mg·kg-1 at 22.83 mg·kg-1 selenium mass concentration. The overall organic selenium content ranged from 89.5% to 91.3%, with no significant difference between different treatment groups. Addition of 9.13 mg·kg-1 selenium to the cultivation substrate significantly increased the fruiting body yield of N. aurantialba, and the contents of protein, total amino acids, essential amino acids were significantly higher than those in the control group. In conclusion, the addition of 9.13 mg·kg-1 selenium to the cultivation substrate effectively improved the quality of N. aurantialba.
  • Comparison of Active Substances and Antioxidant Activity of Water and Ethanol Extracts from Fruiting Bodies of Seven Macrocybe gigantea Strains
    FAN Suqin, YAN Yamin, MO Zhuanlin, MO Meihua, XU Xuefeng
    2025, 32(05): 86-91. https://doi.org/10.16488/j.cnki.1005-9873.2025.05.010
    Abstract ( ) PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    Contents of crude polysaccharides, polyphenols, and flavonoids in fruiting bodies of seven Macrocybe gigantea strains were determined. Their water extracts and ethanol extracts were analyzed for total reducing power, hydroxyl radical scavenging rate, superoxide anion scavenging rate, and DPPH radical scavenging rate. The results showed that strain H99 had the highest contents of crude polysaccharides and total flavonoids, which were 14.90% and 0.91%, respectively. Strain X3D4 had the highest polyphenol content at 1.44%, and the strongest total reducing power in both water and ethanol extracts, with absorbance values of 2.75 and 2.48, respectively. The water extracts of strains X4 and X3D4 had relatively high hydroxyl radical scavenging rates, which were 95.35% and 94.35%, respectively. The ethanol extract of strain X3D4 had the highest hydroxyl radical scavenging rate and DPPH radical scavenging rate at 82.08% and 89.38%, respectively. Its water extract had the highest superoxide anion scavenging rate at 91.38%. The ethanol extracts of strains X4, X3, and X3D4 had relatively high superoxide anion scavenging rates, reaching 90.74%, 89.24%, and 86.74%, respectively. The water extracts of strains X3D4 and H100 had relatively high DPPH radical scavenging rates, reaching 95.23% and 94.75%, respectively. These results provided a reference for the product development of M. gigantea in fields such as food, medicine, and cosmetics.
  • Research Progress on Nutritional Value and Biological Activity of Hypsizygus marmoreus
    WU Yingying, CAO Zhi, BAO Dapeng, JIA Yi, LI Yan
    2025, 32(05): 92-106. https://doi.org/10.16488/j.cnki.1005-9873.2025.05.011
    Abstract ( ) PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    The edible fungus Hypsizygus marmoreus is popular among consumers for its unique aroma and taste. H. marmoreus contains proteins, amino acids, polysaccharides, mineral elements, and vitamins. It has a variety of biological activities including antioxidation, anti-tumor, anti-bacteria, lowering blood pressure, organ protection, and immunoregulation. The nutrient components and bioactive compounds of H. marmoreus were reviewed so as to provide a reference for the development and utilization of H. marmoreus.
  • Research Progress on Anti-Obesity Effects and Mechanisms of Edible Fungi
    LIANG Huan, ZHAO Anda, WU Jiang
    2025, 32(05): 107-116. https://doi.org/10.16488/j.cnki.1005-9873.2025.05.012
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    Clinical studies have shown evidences that substitution of high-energy-density foods with edible fungi significantly reduced body weight and mitigated the risk of metabolic disorders. The nutritional characteristics of edible fungi and the anti-obesity mechanisms of their bioactive components in regulating glucose homeostasis, lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokine levels, and intestinal microbiota were reviewed. The prospects of edible fungi in weight management and prevention and treatment of chronic diseases were discussed.
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