ZHENG Haofeng, LIU Liu, LI Jingnan, YANG Xiaoyue, WANG Shenghao, DING Ruzhang, BAO Haiying
The contents of polysaccharides, sterols, crude protein, and mineral elements in freeze-dried Sparassis latifolia fruiting bodies were measured using the phenol-sulfuric acid method, phospho-vanillin method, Kjeldahl method, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), respectively. The immunoenhancing effects of freeze-dried S. latifolia fruiting body powder, petroleum ether and ethyl acetate extracts of oven-dried S. latifolia fruiting bodies were evaluated on an immunosuppressed mouse model induced by intraperitoneal injection of 40 mg·kg⁻¹ cyclophosphamide daily for 10 consecutive days. The model mice were randomly divided into the following groups: low dose (600 mg·kg⁻¹) fruiting body powder group, high dose (150 mg·kg⁻¹) fruiting body powder group, low dose (21.30 mg·kg⁻¹) petroleum ether extract group, high dose (85.20 mg·kg⁻¹) petroleum ether extract group, low dose (16.59 mg·kg⁻¹) ethyl acetate extract group, and high dose (66.36 mg·kg⁻¹) ethyl acetate extract group. Mice in different groups were administered corresponding S. latifolia products by gavage. The blank control group and the model group were gavaged with normal saline. All groups fasted in the evening after 14 consecutive days of corresponding treatments. The results showed that the contents of polysaccharides, sterols, and crude protein in freeze-dried fruiting body powder were (17.07±0.12)%, (2.07±0.16)%, and (17.88±0.08)%, respectively. The contents of the major elements calcium (Ca), potassium (K), sodium (Na) and magnesium (Mg) were 84.41, 7786.69, 81.52, and 476.08 mg·kg⁻¹, respectively, and the contents of the trace elements zinc (Zn), iron (Fe) and copper (Cu) were 73.27, 86.27, and 3.47 mg·kg⁻¹, respectively. Compared with the model group, the spleen indices of the petroleum ether extract groups, freeze-dried powder groups, and high-dose ethyl acetate extract group increased significantly. The thymus indices of the freeze-dried powder and both extract groups increased significantly. The liver indices of the high-dose petroleum ether extract and high-dose freeze-dried powder groups increased significantly. The ear swelling degrees of the petroleum ether extract groups, freeze-dried powder groups, and high-dose ethyl acetate extract group increased significantly. All S. latifolia groups showed extremely significant increases in ear swelling rate and significant increases in hemolysin production. Mice treated with high doses of freeze-dried powder and the two kinds of fruiting body extracts showed significantly increased serum IL-2 and IL-4 levels. Serum IFN-γ level was significantly increased in the high-dose and low-dose petroleum ether extract groups, high-dose ethyl acetate extract group and high-dose freeze-dried powder group. These results provided a reference for the development of deep-processed products of S. latifolia.
